Improvement in windmills



jLTNrrnD ISTATES PATENT Orrrc. A

JOHN Q. ADAMS, or MAasEILLns, ILL-mois.

IMPROVEMENT IN WIN-DIVIILLS- Specification forming part of LettersPatent No. 167,050, dated August 24, 1875; application filed January 4,1875.

VTo all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN'Q. ADAMS, of Marseilles, in the county of LaSalle and State of Illinois, have invented certain new` and usefulImprovements in Windmills; and I do hereby declare the following to be afull and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings forming part of this specification, in which-Figure l is a perspective view of my improved windmill. Fig. 2 is aperspective view, showing my improved turn-table, with governing-wheel,brake, and wheel-head. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the same. Fig. 4 isa front view of the governing-wheel, and Fig. 5 is a perspective view ofthe `joint by which the sections of the Wind-wheel are swiveled to theradial arms.

Similar letters of reference in the accompanying drawings denote thesame parts.

My invention relates to improvements in windmills; and consists, first,lin the employment of an improved turn-table for such mills, in which aninner stationary4 hollow cylinder is used, provided at its base with twocircular bands or steps, on the outer one of which the outer movablecylinder rests and turns, the outer movable cylinder being also providedat its top with an inner circular band bearing against the stationarycylinder near its top, by which construction an annular space is leftbetween the cylinders, thus avoiding much of the friction between thesurfaces ofthe cylinders, which would otherwise occur. My inventionfurther consists in the employment of an outer cylindrical casingsurrounding the wind-wheel shaft, and having a removable top for thepurpose of removing or gaining access to the shaft. My invention alsoconsists in the employment of a stud, at-

- connecting-rod, not seen in the drawings. c is the inner stationarycylindrical portion of the turn-table which support-s the operatin gmechanism, provided with flanges f f, by means of which it is secured tothe tower. d d are circular bands or steps at the base ofthe stationarycylinder c, the outer circular band d supporting the outer movablecylinder c, which is provided with an outer circular band, c3, at itsbase, resting in the step d, and an inner circular ring at its topabutting against the outer surface of the stationary cylinder c. Bothcylinders are made hollow, for the passage of the connecting-rod and theworking of the crank B, by means of which the cylinders may be made ofgreater height, to bring them as near as possible to the horizontalplane of the shaft. By this construction it will be seen that themovable cylinder can readily be turned on the circular band d of thestationary cylinder, and that an open'annular space is left between thecylinders, thus allowing very little frictional contact between them,and enabling me to dispense entirely with the use of friction rollersand balls at the bases of the cylinders, which are expensive andobjectionable, because of the unequal wear of the parts. The cylindersccl are preferably made of as small diameter as is consistent with theproper operations of the crank. The wind-wheel shaft S3 has its bearingsin a casing, O, the boxes preferably being filled with Babbitt metal.The top o of the casin g is made removable, being provided with ears,and fastened to the casing by bolts and nuts or their equivalents. Bythis construction, all ingress of foreign matter to the shaft isprevented, and at the same time, by removing the top, the shaft S3 canreadily be removed, or access had to it for any desired purposewhatever. o2 is a flange or brace connecting the outer casing O with theouter movable cylinder c1, and preferably cast with it. Thisconstruction materially strengthens the parts. g g are gibs or hooksbolted to the base plate of the stationary cylinder, their upper endsprojecting up and over the circular band c3 of the movable cylinder c1,thus allowing the latter to rotate freely, and at the same timepreventing it from being uncapped. h is the governing-wheel, carryingthe coiled spring S4, one end of which is attached to the inner face ofthe wheel, the opposite end being attached to an adjustable collarsurrounding the wheel-shaft S3, as described in Letters Patent grantedto me September 23, 1873. b is a brake for controlling thegoverning-wheel, fulcrumed in ears e e, attached to the casing O, andprojecting belowl it, the -brake `being applied to the lower face of thegoverningwheel. The upper end of the brake is bowed, as seen at i, andterminates in a lever, 7c, which can readily be operated by a cord orotherwise. Zis a spring, the function of which is to free the brakefromthe surface of the governing-wheel. By the application of the braketo the lower face of the governingwheel, the construction of the partsis made much more simple and fewer than if the brake were appliedelsewhere to the surface of the governing-wheel. S (see Fig. 4) arestuds inserted in orifices in the front plate of the governing-wheel.The shanks of the studs are 'preferabl y headed on their ends, the `backface of the front plate of the governing-wheel being countersunk toreceive `said inner heads, or they may be otherwise attached, the objectbeing to so attach them that they will readily vrotate on their axis.The heads of the studs =S are perforated and screw-threaded, to receivethe screw-threaded ends of the rods S2, which connect thegoverning-wheel with the sections of the wind-wheel, for thepurpose ofpresenting such sections equally to the wind at whatever angle they may.occupy. For the purpose of causing the sections of the windwheel to turnfreely, and with as little friction as possible, I provide thevcross-bars S5 with a cast-iron pivot, t, at each end, adapted to enterthe ear V of a metal plate, W, secured to the radial arms of the wheel.The plate W is cast with a central beveled projection, X,

against which the ends of the pins rest when inserted in the ears, toprevent the longitudinal play of the cross-bars, and, to reduce thefriction of the parts, the beveled faces of the projections areparallel, or nearly so, to the inner face of the ears. The pivots t areeach cast upon-the-center of a socket, Y, recessed to receive the endsof the cross-bars S5, and formed with ears Z at opposite ends, throughwhich the screws or pins pass to hold the socket in place, as shown inFig. 5.

I claim as my inventionl. The inner stationary `cylinder c, provided atits base with the circular bands or steps d d1, in combination with theouter cylinder c1, having an inner circular band, 02, at its top and anouter circular band, c3, at its base, wherebyv an open annular space isleft between the cylinders, substantially as described, and for thepurposes setforth.

2. The outer cylindrical casin g O, surrounding and supportingthe-wind-wheelshaft, the top-o1 of which is removable, substantially asdescribed, and for the purposes set forth.

3. The stud S, rotating on its axis, attached to the outer face-plate ofthe governing-wheel h, and provided with the screw-threaded perforationin its head, in combination with the adjustable connecting-rod S2,having its inner end screw-threaded, substantially as described, and forthe purpose set forth.

4. The combination of the plates W and pivots t, with the radial armsand independent sections of the wind-wheel, substantiallyr as described,for the purpose specified.

JOHN Q. ADAMS. Witnesses:

N. K. ELLswoRTH, MELVILLE CHURCH.

